Principal Investigators: A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann
Project C3 aims for the reduction of thermal noise in gravitational wave detectors that results from the transmission of laser light through optical components.
In C3, new optical components based on all-reective gratings are designed, fabricated and tested in order to replace conventional beam splitters and cavity couplers.
The intense research of the previous funding periods yields a variety of theoretical and experimental achievements including a test in a prototype gravitational wave detector.
The new funding period is required to solve remaining problems which are the combination of the techniques developed here with coating-free mirror surfaces,
the additional phase noise associated with diffractive optics, and the reduction of scattered light.
Todays gravitational wave detectors are based on Michelson interferometers that are upgraded with signal and power recycling mirrors (GEO600) or arm cavities (LIGO) to enhance the sensitivity by increasing the laser power interacting with a gravitational wave. The next generation of gravitational wave detectors will work with a circulating laser power in the megawatts range, where thermal effects in the transmitted optics become a limiting factor for the interferometer sensitivity. Within the first funding period the aim of the project C3 was to evaluate the possibility of replacing the transmissive components (beam splitter, cavity input mirror) by reflective devices or rather by reflection gratings. In contrary to conventional mirrors, gratings allow for the separation of the incomming light into more than two (diffraction) directions, which might be all-reflective. However, the application of gratings introduces complete new challenges, like the optimization of the splitting ratios (or rather the diffraction efficiencies) and the reduction of optical losses caused by the grating corrugation, in addition to those of conventional mirrors. Furthermore, such gratings exhibit optical properties different to those of conventional transmitted components. The investigation of their behaviour within an interferometer allows for the realization of novel interferometer setups. The scope of project C3 is the design of such reflection gratings, the fabrication and the investigation of their optical properties. The components will be optimized with respect to their optical losses and used to setup all-reflective interferometer topologies overcomming the thermal limitations of common types.
| Norbert Bergner | Student, 2008 | ||
| Michael Britzger | PhD Student, 2007 | ||
| Karsten Danzmann | Professor, PI 2003 | ||
| Jens Dreiling | Student, 2008 | ||
| Ernst-Bernhard Kley | Staff, | ||
| Stefanie Kroker | PhD Student, 2010 | ||
| Roman Schnabel | Professor, 2003-2011 | ||
| Andreas Tuennermann | Professor, PI 2003 | ||
| Rico Wachs | Student, 2010 | ||
| Thomas Weber | Student, 2008 | ||
Former Associates | |||
| Alexander Bunkowski | PhD Student, 2003-2006 | ||
| Oliver Burmeister | PhD Student, 2004-2009 | ||
| Tina Clausnitzer | Postdoc, 2005 | ||
| Christian Graef | Student, 2007 |
[1]
PoundÐDreverÐHall error signals for the length control of three-port grating coupled cavities
M. Britzger, D. Friedrich, S. Kroker, F. Brueckner, O. Burmeister, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
Appl. Opt. 50, 4340 (2011)
[2]
Diffractively coupled Fabry-Perot resonator with power-recycling
M. Britzger, D. Friedrich, S. Kroker, F. Brueckner, O. Burmeister, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
Opt. Expr. 19, 14964 (2011)
[3]
Translational, rotational, and vibrational coupling into phase in diffractively coupled optical cavities
B. W. Barr, M. P. Edgar, J. Nelson, M. V. Plissi, S. H. Huttner, B. Sorazu, K. A. Strain, O. Burmeister, M. Britzger, D. Friedrich, R. Schnabel, K. Danzmann, J. Hallam, A. Freise, T. Clausnitzer, F. Brueckner, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
Opt. Lett. 36, 2746 (2011)
[4]
Enhanced angular tolerance of resonant waveguide grating reflectors
S. Kroker, F. Brueckner, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
Opt. Lett. 36, 537 (2011)
[5]
All-reflective coupling of two optical cavities with 3-port diffraction gratings
O. Burmeister, M. Britzger, A. Thuering, D. Friedrich, F. Brueckner, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
Opt. Expr. 18, 9119 (2010)
[6]
Experimental demonstration of a suspended, diffractively-coupled optical cavity
M.P. Edgar, B. W. Barr, J. Nelson, M. V. Plissi, K. A. Strain, O. Burmeister, M. Britzger, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel, T. Clausnitzer, F. Brueckner, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
Opt. Lett. 34, 3184 (2009)
[7]
Demonstration of a cavity coupler based on a resonant waveguide grating
F. Brueckner, D. Friedrich, T. Clausnitzer, O. Burmeister, M. Britzger, E.-B. Kley, K. Danzmann, A. Tuennermann, R. Schnabel,
Opt. Expr. 17, 163 (2009)
[8]
Coupling of lateral grating displacement to the output ports of a diffractive Fabry-Perot cavity
J. Hallam, S. Chelkowski, A. Freise, S. Hild, B.W. Barr, K.A. Strain, O. Burmeister, R. Schnabel,
J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11, 085502 (2009)
[9]
Diffractive beam splitter characterization via a power-recycled interferometer
D. Friedrich, O. Burmeister, A. Bunkowski, T. Clausnitzer, S. Fahr, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
Opt. Lett. 33, 101 (2008).
[10]
Power-recycled michelson interferometer with a 50/50 grating beam splitter
D. Friedrich, O. Burmeister, M. Britzger, A. Bunkowski, T. Clausnitzer, S. Fahr, E.-B. Kley, A. Tünnermann, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 122 (2008) 012018.
[11]
Highly-dispersive dielectric transmission gratings with 100% diffraction efficiency
T. Clausnitzer, T. Kaempfe, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, A. V. Tishchenko, O. Parriaux,
Opt. Expr. 16, 5577 (2008)
[12]
Designing multiplane computer-generated holograms with considereation of the pixel shape and the illumination wave
T. Kaempfe, E.B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25, 1609 (2008)
[13]
Investigation of the polarization-dependent diffraction of deep dielectric rectangular transmission gratings illuminated in Littrow mounting
T. Clausnitzer, T. Kaempfe, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, A. Tishchenko, O. Parriaux,
Appl. Opt. 46, 819 (2007)
[14]
Reflective diffractive beam splitter for laser interferometers
S. Fahr, T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
Appl. Opt. 46, 6092-6095 (2007).
[15]
Interferometry with gratings
O. Burmeister, D. Friedrich, A. Bunkowski, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel, T. Clausnitzer, S. Fahr, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
Conference Proceeding (Rencontres de Moriond Gravitational Waves and Experimental Gravity, La Thuile, Val d'Aosta, Italy, March 11-18, 2007)
[16]
Phase and alignment noise in grating interferometers
A. Freise, A. Bunkowski, R. Schnabel,
New J. Phys 9, 433 (2007).
[17]
Optical characterization of ultrahigh diffraction efficiency gratings
A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
Appl. Opt. 45, 5795 (2006).
[18]
Diffractive Optics for Gravitational Wave Detectors
A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 32, 333 (2006).
[19]
Demonstration of 3-port grating phase relations
A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
Opt. Lett. 31, 2384 (2006).
[20]
Low-loss gratings for next-generation gravitational wave detectors
T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel, A. Duparre, S. Gliech,
Advances in Thin-Film Coatings for Optical Applications II, edited by M. L. Fulton and J. D. Kruschwitz (2005), vol. 5870 of Proc. SPIE, pp. 153-160 (2005).
[21]
Low-loss Grating for Coupling to a High-Finesse Cavity
R. Schnabel, A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, P. Beyersdorf, T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, K. Danzmann,
The 2005 Aspen Winter Conference on Gravitational Waves and their Detection (Aspen CL, 2005)
[22]
Diffractive optics for future GW detectors
A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel, T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
6th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves (Japan, 2005)
[23]
An intelligible explanation of highly-efficient diffraction in deep dielectric rectangular transmission gratings
T. Clausnitzer, T. Kaempfe, E. -B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, U. Peschel, A. V. Tishchenko, and O. Parriaux,
Opt. Expr. 13, 10448 (2005).
[24]
Phase effects in the diffraction of light: beyond the grating equation
S. Wise, V. Quetschke, A.J. Deshpande, G. Müller, D.H. Reitze, D.B. Tanner, B.F. Whiting, Y. Chen, A. Tuennermann, E.-B. Kley, T. Clausnitzer,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 013901 (2005).
[25]
Input-output relations for a three-port grating coupled Fabry-Perot cavity
A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
Opt. Lett. 30, 1183 (2005).
[26]
Three-Port Beam Splitters/Combiners for Interferometer Applications
R. Schnabel, A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, K. Danzmann,
Opt. Lett. 31, 658 (2005).
[27]
Ultra low-loss low-efficiency diffraction gratings
T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann, A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel, S. Gliech, A. Duparre,
Opt. Expr. 13, 4370 (2005).
[28]
Allreflective Optics for Gravitational Wave Detectors
A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, P. Beyersdorf, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel,
LSC Meeting (Hanford WA, 2004).
[29]
Microstructure Technology for Optical Component Fabrication
E.-B. Kley, L-C. Wittig, A. Tuennermann,
Microoptics: From Technology to Applications, edited by J. Jahns and K.-H. Brenner (Springer Berlin, 2004), vol. 97 of Springer Ser. Optic. Sciences}.
[30]
Low-loss grating for coupling to a high-finesse cavity
A. Bunkowski, O. Burmeister, P. Beyersdorf, K. Danzmann, R. Schnabel, T. Clausnitzer, E.-B. Kley, A. Tuennermann,
Opt. Lett. 29, 2342 (2004).
[31]
Diodenlaser mit Dreiport-Gitter-Resonator in zweiter Ordnung Littrow
Bjoern Hemb,
Diploma Thesis
[32]
Interferometrie mit gittergekoppelten Armresonatoren
Maximilian Wimmer,
Diploma Thesis
[33]
Optical properties of 3-port-grating coupled cavities
Oliver Burmeister,
PhD Thesis
[34]
Dreiport-Gitter-Resonator mit Power-Recycling
Michael Britzger,
Diploma Thesis
[35]
Kontrolle der Beugungseffizienzen dielektrischer Gitter
Tina Clausnitzer,
PhD Thesis
[36]
Laser interferometry with gratings
Alexander Bunkowski,
PhD Thesis
[37]
Michelson-Interferometer mit diffraktivem Strahlteiler
Daniel Friedrich,
Diploma Thesis
[38]
Gitter fuer die interferometrische Gravitationswellendetektion
S. Fahr,
Diploma Thesis
[39]
Fabry-Perot Resonatoren mit diffraktiven Einkopplern
O. Burmeister,
Diploma Thesis